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Objective To investigate the nutritional status of children and women of childbearing age in high-risk areas of iodine deficiency disorders in Tianjin in 2008-2010 and to provide a scientific basis for iodine supplementation.Methods Hangu District was selected as survey point from 2008 to 2010,Dagang District and Jingan County were increased in 2010.Hangu District was divided into five areas,one township(town) that was not high iodine was selected from each area,four administrative villages were selected from each township(town),and 15 households were selected from each administrative village.Three township(town) were selected from Dagang and Jingan County,respectively.Two administrative villages were selected from each township(town),and 20 households were selected from each administrative village.Iodine level of salt samples from each household was determined.In 2009,one primary school was selected from each survey township(town),thyroid volume of 40 8-10-year-old students was examined,and urine iodine of 20 students was tested.In 2010,three township(town) were selected from each survey point,two primary school were selected from each survey township(town),40 8-l0-year-old students were selected from each primary school,urine iodine and thyroid volume of the students were determined.150,50 and 60 women of childbearing age from Hangu District were selected from 2008 to 2010,and 60 were selected from Dagang District and Jingan County,respectively.Urine iodine of the women was tested.Iodine content of salt was tested by a semi-quantitative test kit; diagnosis of endemic goiter was based on the Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Goiter (WS 276-2007); urinary iodine test was based on the Arsenic Cerium Catalytic Spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006).Results Coverage rates of iodized salt in Hangu District in the 3 years were 65.0％ (195/300),70.3％ (211/300) and 90.8％ (274/300),respectively.Coverage rates of iodized salt in Dagang District and Jinghai County were 40.0％(48/120) and 38.3％(46/120).In 2009,the median urinary iodine of children aged 8-10 in Hangu District was 205.4 μg/L and in 2010,the medians urinary iodine of children aged 8-10 of the three survey point were 193.0,293.1 and 216.8 μg/L.Goiter rates of children aged 8-10 in Hangu District were 4.24％(9/212) and 3.59％ (9/251),and in Dagang District and Jinghai County were 3.60％ (9/250) and 5.44％(13/239).The medians urinary iodine in women of childbearing age in Hangu District in the 3 years were 134.9,196.1 and 229.5 μg/L,respectively.The medians urinary iodine in women of childbearing age in Dagang District and Jinghai County were 316.9 and 190.9 μg/L.Conclusions The nutritional status of high-risk areas of iodine deficiency disorders in Tianjin are better than the national limit of enhanced iodine requirements.Due to higher water iodine in the same areas,some people are iodine excess,to which we should pay more attention.
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Objective To know the epidemiological characteristics of children dental fluorosis in endemic fluorosis areas in Tianjin. Methods Ten prevalent areas were selected and 55 villages were collected by cluster sampling in 2008. Such indicators of endemic fluorosis as the content of water fluoride in the investigated villages,the state of dental fluorosis among the children aged 8-12 years,the concentration of urine fluoride were investigated. Results The average rates of dental fluorosis were different among different areas(?2=773.571,P=0.000) ,positively correlated with the content of water fluoride(r=0.924,P=0.000) . In serious prevalent areas,the average rates of dental fluorosis were different among age groups(?2=16.351,P=0.003) . The geometric mean of urine fluoride was different among different areas(H=75.356,P=0.000) ,positively correlated with the content of water fluoride(r= 0.266,P =0.000) . In the same area,no significant difference was observed in the geometric mean of urine fluoride among age groups. Conclusion In Tianjin,endemic fluorosis is still very serious and the efficient control will be promoted.
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OBJECTIVE To search for available mode of oral apparatus′s disinfection and management.METHODS To use new ways of oral apparatus′s disinfection and management that are enhancement of recognition,normal disinfecting procedure,available disinfection room,enhancement of management,new management system,building digitizing management and so on.RESULTS To build effective system and decrease abrasion and uselessness of oral apparatus.CONCLUSIONS Effective disinfection and management are very important for prevention of the cross infection and ensuring of daily use of oral apparatus.
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Objective To evaluate the efficiency of ten years of iodized salt supply in prevention and control of iodine deficiency disease (IDD) in Tianjin. Methods 1 200 pupils aged 8-10 years with 1:1 of sex ratio were chosen in the regions where iodized salt supply had been conducted for 10 years (1995-2005), the prevalence rate of goiter, the level of urine iodine and the iodized salt consumption were investigated. Results The prevalence rate of goiter of children aged 8-10 years in Tianjin decreased from 32.6% to 1.8% after 10 years of iodized salt supply, the median of urinary iodine increased from 96 ?g/L to 228 ?g/L. In the high water iodine regions, the prevalence rate of goiter was 8.1%, the median of urinary iodine was 576 ?g/L. Conclusion 10 years of iodized salt supply can significantly prevent and control IDD in the regions where there is iodine deficiency in drinking water, but the problem should not be neglected that iodine excess in the regions where the concentration of iodine in drinking water is higher. Reasonable iodine supplement is the key to prevent and control IDD as a whole.